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<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1826.</p><p>In the Mexican Republic, lithographer Claudio Linati inaugurates El Iris, a "pocket sized" bi-weekly. It is in print until August 2, when its popularization of liberal ideas prompts the intervention of state censors.</p><p>It was founded as an illustrated literary review, with topics of interest to women. It included articles on poetry, theater and fashion, as well as portraits and biographies of heroes of the recent war of independence.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Iris" rel="nofollow"><span class="invisible">https://</span>en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Iris</a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>

Cover of the Mexican journal El Iris from 3 May 1826.

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<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1859.</p><p>German scholar Constantin von Tischendorf identifies portions of the mid-4th century Codex Sinaiticus (an uncial manuscript of the Greek Bible) at Saint Catherine's Monastery on Mount Sinai in the Khedivate of Egypt and arranges for its presentation to his patron, Tsar Alexander II of Russia at Saint Petersburg.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Sinaiticus"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex_Si</span><span class="invisible">naiticus</span></a></p><p>Tischendorf.IV.Monumenta Sacra Inedita. 1857-1870 at TIA:<br><a href="https://archive.org/details/Tischendorf.iv.monumentaSacraInedita.newcollection.subscript.6vols.1857-1870/01.MonumentaSacraInedita.NCVA.FragEvangLucLibGen.v1.Tischendorf.Subsc.1857./mode/1up" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="archive.org/details/Tischendorf.iv.monumentaSacraInedita.newcollection.subscript.6vols.1857-1870/01.MonumentaSacraInedita.NCVA.FragEvangLucLibGen.v1.Tischendorf.Subsc.1857./mode/1up"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">archive.org/details/Tischendor</span><span class="invisible">f.iv.monumentaSacraInedita.newcollection.subscript.6vols.1857-1870/01.MonumentaSacraInedita.NCVA.FragEvangLucLibGen.v1.Tischendorf.Subsc.1857./mode/1up</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/oldmanuscript/" rel="tag">#oldmanuscript</a></p>

New Testament manuscript.

Book of Esther.

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<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1856.</p><p>Lewis Carroll chooses his pseudonym; on May 1 he takes up photography as a hobby. A romantic poem called "Solitude" appeared in The Train under the authorship of "Lewis Carroll". This pseudonym was a play on his real name: Lewis was the anglicised form of Ludovicus, which was the Latin for Lutwidge, and Carroll an Irish surname similar to the Latin name Carolus, from which comes the name Charles.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Ca</span><span class="invisible">rroll</span></a></p><p>At PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/7" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/7"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/7</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>

Lewis Carroll self-portrait c. 1856, aged 24 at that time.

In the image, Carroll (whose real name was Charles Lutwidge Dodgson) appears as a young man with wavy, slightly unkempt hair.

His expression is serious and contemplative, with deep-set eyes and a focused gaze, reading a book.

He is dressed in formal Victorian attire, including a dark jacket, waistcoat, and a high-collared shirt.

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<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1616.</p><p>Galileo Galilei is formally banned by the Roman Catholic Church from teaching or defending the view that the earth orbits the sun.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_affair#Inquisition_and_first_judgment,_1616" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_affair#Inquisition_and_first_judgment,_1616"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_</span><span class="invisible">affair#Inquisition_and_first_judgment,_1616</span></a></p><p>Galileo Galilei at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=galileo+galilei&submit_search=Search" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=galileo+galilei&submit_search=Search"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/searc</span><span class="invisible">h/?query=galileo+galilei&submit_search=Search</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/science/" rel="tag">#science</a> <a href="/tags/astronomy/" rel="tag">#astronomy</a></p>

Galileo before the Holy Office, a 19th-century painting by Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury

Joseph-Nicolas Robert-Fleury - https://respvblica.com/galileo-galilei-before-the-holy-office-in-the-vatican-by-robert-fleury/

The artwork depicts the famous moment when the Italian astronomer and physicist Galileo Galilei stands before the Roman Catholic Inquisition, facing trial for his support of the heliocentric theory, which proposed that the Earth orbits the Sun.

The scene is rendered with dramatic realism, characteristic of 19th-century historical painting.

Galileo, an elderly man with a long white beard, appears dignified yet weary as he stands before a panel of stern-faced inquisitors. He is dressed in dark robes, a symbol of his scholarly status, while the members of the tribunal, seated in a semicircle, wear elaborate garments reflecting their authority.

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<p>American philosopher and psychologist Mary Whiton Calkins died <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1930.</p><p>Calkins' work informed theory and research of memory, dreams and the self. In 1903, Calkins was the twelfth in a listing of fifty psychologists with the most merit, chosen by her peers. Calkins was refused a Ph.D. by Harvard University because of her gender.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whiton_Calkins"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Whi</span><span class="invisible">ton_Calkins</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/psychology/" rel="tag">#psychology</a> <a href="/tags/philosophy/" rel="tag">#philosophy</a> <a href="/tags/womeninstem/" rel="tag">#womeninStem</a></p>

Mary Whiton Calkins (1863–1930)

Notman studio, Boston - http://www.feministvoices.com/mary-whiton-calkins/

Calkins is depicted as a dignified and composed woman, reflecting the professionalism and intellectual strength that defined her career.

She is dressed in late 19th- or early 20th-century attire, with a high-collared dress. Her hair is neatly styled, pulled back in a manner that emphasizes her serious and contemplative expression.

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<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OtD</a> 4 Feb 1913 Rosa Parks was born. Often wrongly described as "quiet", she was actually a lifelong activist who supported Black power, Malcolm X and worked alongside the League of Revolutionary Black Workers in Detroit. More about the LRBW in our pod: <a href="https://workingclasshistory.com/2018/08/28/e12-the-league-of-revolutionary-black-workers-in-detroit/" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="workingclasshistory.com/2018/08/28/e12-the-league-of-revolutionary-black-workers-in-detroit/"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">workingclasshistory.com/2018/0</span><span class="invisible">8/28/e12-the-league-of-revolutionary-black-workers-in-detroit/</span></a></p>

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<p>Finnish priest, lyric and epic poet Johan Ludvig Runeberg was born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1804 (Runeberg Day).</p><p>He is the author of the lyrics to Vårt land (Our Land, Maamme in Finnish) which became the Finnish national anthem. Runeberg was also involved in the modernization of the Finnish Lutheran hymnal and produced many texts for the new edition.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Ludvig_Runeberg" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Ludvig_Runeberg"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan_Lu</span><span class="invisible">dvig_Runeberg</span></a></p><p>Books by Johan Ludvig Runeberg at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/2842" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/2842"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/2842</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/poetry/" rel="tag">#poetry</a></p>

Finnish poet Johan Ludvig Runeberg, 1804-1877. Portrait by Albert Edelfelt (1893).

This portrait of Runeberg depicts him as a dignified and intellectual figure, reflecting his literary influence and patriotic spirit. A well-known painting typically present him in formal 19th-century attire, with a contemplative expression, emphasizing his role as a writer and thinker.

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<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1913.</p><p>Claudio Monteverdi's last opera L'incoronazione di Poppea was performed theatrically for the first time in more than 250 years.</p><p>Two versions of the musical score of L'incoronazione exist, both from the 1650s. The first was rediscovered in Venice in 1888, the second in Naples in 1930. The Naples score is linked to the revival of the opera in that city in 1651. </p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27incoronazione_di_Poppea" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27incoronazione_di_Poppea"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27inco</span><span class="invisible">ronazione_di_Poppea</span></a></p><p>Books about Monteverdi at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=monteverdi&submit_search=Search" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=monteverdi&submit_search=Search"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/searc</span><span class="invisible">h/?query=monteverdi&submit_search=Search</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/music/" rel="tag">#music</a> <a href="/tags/opera/" rel="tag">#opera</a></p>

Title page of the 1656 libretto of L'incoronazione di Poppea by Claudio Monteverdi and Giovanni Francesco Busenello.

The large "1642" is the year the opera premièred, not the year of publication of the libretto.

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<p>George Douglas Brown (1869–1902) was born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a>, 26 January – best known for his 1901 novel THE HOUSE WITH THE GREEN SHUTTERS:</p><p>“…the TRAINSPOTTING of its day… an angry young man’s response to the misrepresentation of contemporary Scottish life”</p><p>A 🎂 🧵</p><p>1/7</p><p><a href="https://list.co.uk/news/39535/george-douglas-brown-the-house-with-the-green-shutters-1901" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="list.co.uk/news/39535/george-douglas-brown-the-house-with-the-green-shutters-1901"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">list.co.uk/news/39535/george-d</span><span class="invisible">ouglas-brown-the-house-with-the-green-shutters-1901</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/scottish/" rel="tag">#Scottish</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/20thcentury/" rel="tag">#20thcentury</a> <a href="/tags/modernism/" rel="tag">#modernism</a> <a href="/tags/postmodernism/" rel="tag">#postmodernism</a></p>

Book cover

THE HOUSE WITH THE GREEN SHUTTERS

Cover image: A small window in a pale cream-coloured wall, with green shutters. One is half open, but we can only see darkness inside. In the foreground, a red-headed postman in a blue uniform, his eyes and mouth wide open in shock and horror, whirls away from the window, his body twisting as he turns and flees from what he has seen within.

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<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1920.</p><p>An inaugural meeting of the Bloomsbury Group's Memoir Club is arranged by Mary MacCarthy in London.</p><p>Among the people involved in the group were Virginia Woolf, John Maynard Keynes, E. M. Forster, Vanessa Bell, and Lytton Strachey.</p><p>Virginia Woolf at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/89" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/89"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/89</span></a><br>John Maynard Keynes:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/6280" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/6280"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/6280</span></a><br>E. M. Forster:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/975" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/975"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/975</span></a><br>Lytton Strachey:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/576" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/576"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/576</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/bloomsbury/" rel="tag">#bloomsbury</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>

Left to right: Lady Ottoline Morrell, Maria Nys (neither members of Bloomsbury), Lytton Strachey, Duncan Grant, and Vanessa Bell.

Lady Ottoline Morrell – A patron of the arts and literature, she was known for her connections with the Bloomsbury Group but was not a formal member. She is elegantly dressed, reflecting her aristocratic background.

Maria Nys – A Belgian woman who later married Aldous Huxley, she was also not a member of the Bloomsbury Group but was part of their social circle.

Lytton Strachey – A writer and critic, famous for his ironic biographies and a key member of Bloomsbury. He is typically depicted with his distinctive beard and lean, intellectual look.

Duncan Grant – A prominent painter and designer, he was deeply associated with Bloomsbury and had a long relationship with fellow member Vanessa Bell.

Vanessa Bell – A painter and interior designer, sister of Virginia Woolf, and a central figure in the Bloomsbury Group. She is likely dressed in an artistic, bohemian style.

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<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1936.</p><p>Charlie Chaplin's film Modern Times opened in New York City.</p><p>During a European tour promoting City Lights, Chaplin got the inspiration for Modern Times from both the lamentable conditions of the continent through the Great Depression, along with a conversation with Mahatma Gandhi in which they discussed modern technology.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Times_(film)" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_Times_(film)"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_T</span><span class="invisible">imes_(film)</span></a></p><p>Books about or by Charlie Chaplin at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=charlie+chaplin&submit_search=Search" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=charlie+chaplin&submit_search=Search"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/searc</span><span class="invisible">h/?query=charlie+chaplin&submit_search=Search</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/cinema/" rel="tag">#cinema</a></p>

Original poster for Charlie Chaplin's 1936 film Modern Times.

The artwork features Chaplin in his iconic role as the Tramp, wearing overalls and holding two large wrenches, symbolizing his struggle against industrialization and modern labor conditions.

The poster prominently displays Chaplin’s name in bold red and white lettering, emphasizing his star power.

The film's title, Modern Times, is written in a stylized, industrial-themed font.

The bottom of the poster credits Chaplin as the writer, director, and producer, and it notes the film's release through United Artists.

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<p>"Thus the wise and worthy singer<br>Sings not all his garnered wisdom;<br>Better leave unsung some sayings<br>Than to sing them out of season."<br>Epilogue, line 20</p><p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1835.</p><p>The Finnish language epic poetry Kalevala, compiled by Elias Lönnrot from oral sources, is first published in the Grand Duchy of Finland, becoming influential in the Fennoman movement.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalevala" rel="nofollow"><span class="invisible">https://</span>en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalevala</a></p><p>Kalevala at PG:<br><a href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/5186" rel="nofollow"><span class="invisible">https://</span>gutenberg.org/ebooks/5186</a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/poetry/" rel="tag">#poetry</a></p>

Inside front title page of The "Old" Kalevala, Finnish national epos, collection of old Finnish poems, by Elias Lönnrot. First edition; volume 1, 1835.

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279d

<p>46 years ago today<br>The B-52's is the debut album of the American band The B-52s, released on this day in 1979, includes the singles Planet Clair and Rock Lobster</p><p><a href="/tags/punk/" rel="tag">#punk</a> <a href="/tags/punks/" rel="tag">#punks</a> <a href="/tags/punkrock/" rel="tag">#punkrock</a> <a href="/tags/newwave/" rel="tag">#newwave</a> <a href="/tags/theb52s/" rel="tag">#theb52s</a> <a href="/tags/history/" rel="tag">#history</a> <a href="/tags/punkrockhistory/" rel="tag">#punkrockhistory</a> <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#otd</a></p>

(no description)

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<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1924.</p><p>Seán O'Casey's drama Juno and the Paycock opens at the Abbey Theatre, Dublin. It is set in the working-class tenements of Dublin in the early 1920s, during the Irish Civil War period.</p><p>It is the second of his "Dublin Trilogy" – the other two being The Shadow of a Gunman (1923) and The Plough and the Stars (1926).</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_and_the_Paycock" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_and_the_Paycock"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juno_and</span><span class="invisible">_the_Paycock</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/drama/" rel="tag">#drama</a> <a href="/tags/theatre/" rel="tag">#theatre</a></p>

Poster for the 1930 film “Juno and the Paycock” (alternate title “The Shame of Mary Boyle”).

Since it was directed by Alfred Hitchcock and based on Seán O’Casey’s acclaimed play, the poster have been designed in the early sound era’s style, featuring bold typography and theatrical imagery.

A strong central image, possibly depicting key characters like Juno Boyle (a struggling mother) and Captain Boyle (her irresponsible husband).

A somber or dramatic color scheme reflecting the film’s serious tone.

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<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1875.</p><p>Bizet's Carmen premiered at the Opéra-Comique in Paris, with mezzo-soprano Célestine Galli-Marié in the title role. It is an opera in four acts by the French composer Georges Bizet. The libretto was written by Henri Meilhac and Ludovic Halévy, based on the novella of the same title by Prosper Mérimée. </p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen" rel="nofollow"><span class="invisible">https://</span>en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen</a></p><p>Carmem at IMSLP:<br><a href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Carmen_(Bizet,_Georges)" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="imslp.org/wiki/Carmen_(Bizet,_Georges)"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">imslp.org/wiki/Carmen_(Bizet,_</span><span class="invisible">Georges)</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/art/" rel="tag">#art</a> <a href="/tags/music/" rel="tag">#music</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>

Lithograph of act 1 in the premiere performance of Bizet's Carmen, by Pierre-Auguste Lamy, 1875.

The scene portrays a bustling street in Seville, outside a tobacco factory (indicated by the sign "Fábrica de Tabaco" on the building to the right). The image features a group of women, likely representing the female cigarette factory workers, dressed in traditional Spanish attire with full skirts and shawls.

In the foreground, a seated soldier appears to be engaged with something in his hands, possibly representing Don José, one of the opera’s main characters. The composition includes a large arched bridge in the middle ground, adding depth and perspective, while the background shows classic European architecture with multiple buildings and towers.

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<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1912.</p><p>Frieda Weekley meets D. H. Lawrence in Nottingham. She met D. H. Lawrence, a former student of her husband's; they soon fell in love and eloped to Germany. During their stay Lawrence was arrested for spying; after the intervention of Frieda's father, the couple walked south over the Alps to Italy. In 1914, following her divorce, Frieda and D.H. Lawrence married. </p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieda_Lawrence" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieda_Lawrence"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieda_L</span><span class="invisible">awrence</span></a></p><p>D.H. Lawrence at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/123" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/123"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/123</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>

David Herbert Lawrence & Frieda von Richthofen, 1914.

The image typically shows them sitting close together, reflecting their deep and unconventional relationship.

David Herbert Lawrence, known for his intense gaze and bohemian appearance, is often depicted with unkempt hair and a beard, dressed in simple, rugged clothing that suggests his rejection of traditional societal norms.

Frieda, who came from an aristocratic German background, appears confident and free-spirited, sometimes wearing a long dress or a coat suitable for the countryside.

Edited 1y ago

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<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1910.</p><p>French aviator Raymonde de Laroche becomes the first woman to receive a pilot's license.</p><p>She received the 36th aeroplane pilot's licence issued by the Aeroclub de France, the world's first organization to issue pilot licences. At the time, pilot licences were only required for pilots operating aircraft for commercial purposes.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymonde_de_Laroche" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymonde_de_Laroche"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymonde</span><span class="invisible">_de_Laroche</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/womensday2025/" rel="tag">#WomensDay2025</a></p>

Raymonde de Laroche in her Voisin aeroplane in 1909

Unknown author. - Scanned from a postcard published in France in 1909 by Neurdein (ND Phot.)

She is dressed in early aviation attire, wearing a thick sweater, gloves, and a fur-trimmed hat to protect against the cold at high altitudes.

Her hands grip the control wheel as she looks confidently at the camera, symbolizing her trailblazing role in aviation history.

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1y

<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1914 (dated February).</p><p>Publication of the first issue of New Numbers, a quarterly collection of work by the Dymock poets in England edited by Lascelles Abercrombie with Wilfrid Gibson. It containing poems such as Brooke's "The Soldier", published in 1915.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dymock_poets" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dymock_poets"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dymock_p</span><span class="invisible">oets</span></a></p><p>The Soldier at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/48306/pg48306-images.html#v-the-soldier" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/48306/pg48306-images.html#v-the-soldier"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/4</span><span class="invisible">8306/pg48306-images.html#v-the-soldier</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/poetry/" rel="tag">#poetry</a></p>

Image of Rupert Brooke (frontispiece) from For remembrance: soldier poets who have fallen in the war

Arthur St. John Adcock - https://archive.org/details/forremembranceso00adco

Brooke is depicted as a young man with wavy hair, gazing into the distance with a contemplative and idealistic expression.

The lighting emphasizes the classical features of his face, often described as handsome and romantic.

The portrait conveys a sense of youth, intellect, and melancholy, fitting for a poet who became a symbol of lost potential during World War I.

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1y

<p>Dutch-Swiss mathematician and physicist Daniel Bernoulli was born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1700.</p><p>He is particularly remembered for his applications of mathematics to mechanics, especially fluid mechanics, and for his pioneering work in probability and statistics. His name is commemorated in the Bernoulli's principle, a particular example of the conservation of energy.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Bernoulli" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Bernoulli"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_B</span><span class="invisible">ernoulli</span></a></p><p>Books by Daniel Bernoulli at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/41345" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/41345"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/41345</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/science/" rel="tag">#science</a> <a href="/tags/mathematics/" rel="tag">#mathematics</a> <a href="/tags/physics/" rel="tag">#physics</a></p>

Portrait of Daniel Bernoulli, c.1720-1725. Oil painting on canvas, Height 90.6 cm, Width 73.8 cm. inventory number 1991.156 (Basel Historical Museum, Peter Portner).

In the portrait, Bernoulli is depicted as a young man with long, curly white hair, dressed in elegant 18th-century attire.

He wears a light-colored coat with gold buttons, a white cravat, and a dark cloak draped over his shoulder.

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73d

<p>Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (aka Lewis Carroll) was born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1832.</p><p>An interesting comment from one proofreader at <span class="h-card"><a href="https://universeodon.com/@DProofreaders" class="u-url mention" rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">@<span>DProofreaders</span></a></span> : "It is said that Queen Victoria enjoyed the Alice books so much that she sent for all the author's works, and was then appalled to find herself confronted by mathematics."</p><p>"Curiosa mathematica, Part I: A new theory of parallels" by Dodgson, Charles L. coming soon at PG.</p><p>Lewis Carroll at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/7" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/7"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/7</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/mathematics/" rel="tag">#mathematics</a></p>

1863 photograph of Carroll by Oscar G. Rejlander.

Carroll appears formally dressed in Victorian clerical attire, with wavy, somewhat disheveled hair, contemplative, serious expression and relaxed pose with hands clasped.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Carroll#/media/File:Lewis_Carroll_1863.jpg

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73d

<p>When you have walked through a town, as an infantryman<br>you’ll never go through streets the same way again.</p><p>There is shoulder-ache from rifle-sling, and sore<br>butt-bruise, of bolt, on hip and thigh…</p><p>—“Infantryman”, by Colin McIntyre (1927–2012) – born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a>, 27 January</p><p>Published in FROM THE LINE: Scottish War Poetry 1914–1945</p><p><a href="https://asls.org.uk/publications/books/volumes/from_the_line/" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="asls.org.uk/publications/books/volumes/from_the_line/"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">asls.org.uk/publications/books</span><span class="invisible">/volumes/from_the_line/</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/scottish/" rel="tag">#Scottish</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/poem/" rel="tag">#poem</a> <a href="/tags/poetry/" rel="tag">#poetry</a> <a href="/tags/warpoetry/" rel="tag">#warpoetry</a> <a href="/tags/ww2/" rel="tag">#WW2</a></p>

Infantryman
by Colin McIntyre

When you have walked through a town, as an infantryman
you'll never go through streets the same way again.

There is shoulder-ache from rifle-sling, and sore
butt-bruise, of bolt, on hip and thigh.

The walk comes somewhere between slope and slow hike,
a wary step, splay-footed, as drawers cellular,
catch in the crotch, twist centrifugally around.

Our lot moved at slow deliberate plod, eyes down, look out,
Ted walked on the left, looks right; I took the right,
looked left. Well spaced out, bloody tired all the time.

Ted and I had a reputation, in Four Section, for hitting
the deck, together, quick as a flash, at the first shell.
Ted had a nose for crossroads ranged by guns.

Infantrymen grow fat in later years, from never walking.
Ted would have become quite gross. But Ted's dead.
Stepped on an AP mine in champagne country.
Cheers, Ted, you old sod, you.

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1y

<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1888.</p><p>During Joseph Conrad's career at sea as Józef Teodor Konrad Korzeniowski, he departs from Bangkok for Sydney in his first command as master, on the British barque Otago. This provides a basis for his novella The Shadow Line (1916).</p><p>It was first published as a serial in New York's Metropolitan Magazine in the English Review and published in book form in 1917 in the UK and America.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shadow_Line_(novel)" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shadow_Line_(novel)"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Shad</span><span class="invisible">ow_Line_(novel)</span></a></p><p>The Shadow Line at PG:<br><a href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/451" rel="nofollow"><span class="invisible">https://</span>gutenberg.org/ebooks/451</a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>

First edition (UK) of Shadow Line by Joseph Conrad.

The title, The Shadow Line, is prominently displayed at the top in bold, dark lettering. Below the title, a red-bordered box contains text posing a mysterious question about the challenges faced by the captain and crew in passing latitude 8° 20' in the Far East.

Centered on the cover is a black-and-white portrait of Joseph Conrad, framed within a red rectangular border. He has a distinguished look with a mustache and beard.

At the bottom, the author’s name, Joseph Conrad, is printed in bold, capitalized letters on a red background, ensuring visibility.

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352d

<p>Happy birthday Shakespeare (born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1564)!</p><p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1932. To mark Shakespeare's birthday:</p><p>The Royal Shakespeare Company's new theatre opens at Stratford-upon-Avon.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Shakespeare_Company"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Sh</span><span class="invisible">akespeare_Company</span></a></p><p>The Folger Shakespeare Library opens in Washington, D.C.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folger_Shakespeare_Library"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folger_S</span><span class="invisible">hakespeare_Library</span></a></p><p>Shakespeare at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/65" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/65"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/65</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/theatre/" rel="tag">#theatre</a></p>

Artistic depiction of the Shakespeare family, late 19th century

Perine, George Edward, 1837-1885, printmaker. - engraved for the Eclectic by Perine & Giles.

Illustration of William Shakespeare reciting his play Hamlet to his family. His wife, Anne Hathaway, is sitting in the chair on the right; his son Hamnet is behind him on the left; his two daughters Susanna and Judith are on the right and left of him. (Hamnet shown younger than his twin, Judith, as he had died a few years before Hamlet was written).

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Shakespeare#/media/File:Shakespeare's_family_circle.jpg

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1y

<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1616.</p><p>Nicolaus Copernicus's book On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is added to the Index of Forbidden Books 73 years after it was first published. The book, first printed in 1543 in Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire, offered an alternative model of the universe to Ptolemy's geocentric system, which had been widely accepted since ancient times.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_revolutionibus_orbium_coelestium" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_revolutionibus_orbium_coelestium"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_revol</span><span class="invisible">utionibus_orbium_coelestium</span></a></p><p>About Copernicus at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=copernicus&submit_search=Search" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/search/?query=copernicus&submit_search=Search"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/searc</span><span class="invisible">h/?query=copernicus&submit_search=Search</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/astronomy/" rel="tag">#astronomy</a></p>

Order of the heavenly spheres annotated with periods of revolution from Chapter 10 of Copernicus' manuscript.

At the center of the diagram is the Sol (Sun), around which the planets are arranged in concentric circles. The planets are labeled with their Latin names and their respective orbital periods:

Stellarum Fixarum Sphaera Immobilis (Sphere of the Fixed Stars – the outermost, immobile sphere)
Saturnus (Saturn – 30-year revolution)
Iovis (Jupiter – 12-year revolution)
Martis (Mars – 2-year revolution)
Telluris cum Luna (Earth with the Moon – 1-year revolution)
Veneris (Venus – approximately 9-month revolution)
Mercurii (Mercury – approximately 88-day revolution)

The surrounding Latin annotations provide explanations about the movements of celestial bodies, reinforcing the revolutionary idea that Earth and the planets revolve around the Sun rather than the traditional geocentric (Earth-centered) model.

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73d

<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1922 American journalist Nellie Bly died.</p><p>She "was widely known for her record-breaking trip around the world in 72 days in emulation of Jules Verne's fictional character Phileas Fogg, and for an exposé in which she worked undercover to report on a mental institution from within."</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Bly" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_Bly"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nellie_B</span><span class="invisible">ly</span></a></p><p>Books by Bly at PG:</p><p><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/9648" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/9648"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/9648</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/history/" rel="tag">#history</a> <a href="/tags/journalism/" rel="tag">#journalism</a></p>

"American journalist Nellie Bly, in a publicity photo for her around-the-world voyage." - picryl.com. She is wearing a long checkered coat, holding a travel bag in her left hand and her right hand is raised with her hat(?) in her hand.

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