<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1960. To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee is first published in the US.</p><p>The initial manuscript was titled "Go Set a Watchman," featuring Scout Finch as an adult woman. An editor at J.B. Lippincott & Co., suggested extensive revisions, focusing on Scout's childhood instead. Over the next 2 years, Lee reworked the manuscript, shifting the perspective to young Scout & expanding the story to explore themes of racial injustice & moral growth. The title was changed to "To Kill a Mockingbird."</p>
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<p>Happy birthday Cesar Lattes, Brazilian physicist who was born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> 100 years ago!</p><p>He became well-known for his work on cosmic rays. In 1947, while working at the University of Bristol in England with Cecil Powell & Giuseppe Occhialini, he played a crucial role in the discovery of the pion. He also contributed to the early development of the CERN. Lattes worked extensively in Brazil, particularly at the Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas and the Universidade Estadual de Campinas.</p><p><a href="/tags/physics/" rel="tag">#physics</a></p>
<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1598.</p><p>William Shakespeare's play, The Merchant of Venice (under the title "the Marchaunt of Venyce or otherwise called the Jewe of Venyce") is entered on the Stationers' Register. By decree of Queen Elizabeth, the Stationers' Register licensed printed works, giving the Crown tight control over all published material.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Merc</span><span class="invisible">hant_of_Venice</span></a></p><p>The Merchant of Venice at PG:<br><a href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/1515" rel="nofollow"><span class="invisible">https://</span>gutenberg.org/ebooks/1515</a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/theatre/" rel="tag">#theatre</a></p>
<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1897.</p><p>The writer Jack London sails to join the Klondike Gold Rush, where he will write his first successful stories.</p><p>His most famous works include The Call of the Wild and White Fang, both set in Alaska and the Yukon during the Klondike Gold Rush, as well as the short stories "To Build a Fire", "An Odyssey of the North", and "Love of Life".</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_London"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_Lon</span><span class="invisible">don</span></a></p><p>Books by Jack London at PG:</p><p><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/120" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/120"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/120</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>
<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1918.</p><p>Emmy Noether's paper, which became known as Noether's theorem was presented at Göttingen, Germany, from which conservation laws are deduced for symmetries of angular momentum, linear momentum, and energy.</p><p>This is the first of two theorems (see Noether's second theorem) proven by mathematician Emmy Noether in 1915 and published in 1918.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s_theorem" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s_theorem"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%</span><span class="invisible">27s_theorem</span></a></p><p>Noether's second theorem:<br><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s_second_theorem" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%27s_second_theorem"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether%</span><span class="invisible">27s_second_theorem</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/science/" rel="tag">#science</a> <a href="/tags/mathematics/" rel="tag">#mathematics</a></p>
<p>Italian journalist and novelist Matilde Serao died <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1927.</p><p>She was the first woman called to edit an Italian newspaper, Il Corriere di Roma and later Il Giorno. Serao was also the co-founder and editor of the newspaper Il Mattino, and the author of several novels. She never won the Nobel Prize in Literature despite being nominated on six occasions.</p><p>Books by Matilde Serao at PG:<br><a href="https://dev.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/7688" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="dev.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/7688"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">dev.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/7688</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>
<p>German humanist, scholar, & historian Beatus Rhenanus died <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1547.</p><p>Rhenanus worked as a proofreader & editor for the famous printing house of Froben in Basel. His work "Rerum Germanicarum Libri Tres", published in 1531, provided a comprehensive history of Germany from ancient times to the present & was noted for its use of original sources. The Beatus Rhenanus Library houses many of his manuscripts & personal collections, preserving his legacy.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatus_Rhenanus" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatus_Rhenanus"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatus_R</span><span class="invisible">henanus</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>
<p>Canadian writer Mazo de la Roche died <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1961.</p><p>Her first novel, "Possession," was published in 1923. Although it did not achieve significant success, it marked the beginning of her career as a novelist. De la Roche achieved international fame with the publication of "Jalna" in 1927. The "Jalna" series comprises 16 novels, written over a span of more than three decades. </p><p>Books by Mazo de la Roche at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/31212" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/31212"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/31212</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>
<p>“The understated power of this writing is extraordinary. Something of that sense of human vision seeing beyond the time of its own life’s duration, surely appealed to T. S. Eliot, who published The Silver Darlings and more of Gunn’s novels”<br>—Prof Alan Riach re-examines Gunn’s legacy</p><p>Neil M. Gunn (1891–1973), one of the most important writers of the 20th century Scottish renaissance, was born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a>, 8 Nov – a 🎂 🧵 </p><p>1/5</p><p><a href="https://www.thenational.scot/news/15637617.neil-gunn-and-the-search-for-scotlands-soul/" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.thenational.scot/news/15637617.neil-gunn-and-the-search-for-scotlands-soul/"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.thenational.scot/news/1563</span><span class="invisible">7617.neil-gunn-and-the-search-for-scotlands-soul/</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/scottish/" rel="tag">#Scottish</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/modernism/" rel="tag">#modernism</a> <a href="/tags/20thcentury/" rel="tag">#20thcentury</a></p>
<p>Italian draughtsman and printmaker Stefano della Bella died <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1664.</p><p>He received significant support from Cardinal Giovanni Carlo de' Medici. His early works included small prints & book illustrations. Della Bella lived in Paris (1639-50), where he worked for publishers & collected engravings. After returning to Florence in 1650, he continued to produce prints & drawings. He also taught etching & drawing, including Pietro Testa.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefano_della_Bella" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefano_della_Bella"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefano_</span><span class="invisible">della_Bella</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/engraving/" rel="tag">#engraving</a> <a href="/tags/illustrations/" rel="tag">#illustrations</a></p>
<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1995.</p><p>Hale–Bopp, one of the most widely observed comets of the 20th century, was independently discovered by astronomers Alan Hale and Thomas Bopp, before it became visible to the naked eye.</p><p>It was visible to the naked eye for a record 18 months, due to its massive nucleus size. This is twice as long as the Great Comet of 1811, the previous record holder. Accordingly, Hale–Bopp was dubbed the great comet of 1997.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Hale%E2%80%93Bopp" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Hale%E2%80%93Bopp"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comet_Ha</span><span class="invisible">le%E2%80%93Bopp</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/astronomy/" rel="tag">#astronomy</a> <a href="/tags/comet/" rel="tag">#comet</a></p>
<p><a href="/tags/onthisday/" rel="tag">#OnThisDay</a>, 10 Aug 1993, Ruth Bader Ginsburg is sworn in as an Associate Justice on the US Supreme Court.</p><p><a href="/tags/womeninhistory/" rel="tag">#WomenInHistory</a> <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> <a href="/tags/history/" rel="tag">#History</a> <a href="/tags/womenshistory/" rel="tag">#WomensHistory</a> <a href="/tags/americanhistory/" rel="tag">#AmericanHistory</a> <a href="/tags/histodons/" rel="tag">#Histodons</a></p>
<p>French novelist and playwright Honoré de Balzac died <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1850.</p><p>Novelist, art critic, playwright, literary critic, essayist, journalist and printer, he left one of the most imposing works of fiction in French literature, with more than ninety novels and short stories published between 1829 and 1855 under the title La Comédie humaine. </p><p>Books by Honoré de Balzac at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/251" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/251"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/251</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>
<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1887.</p><p>L. L. Zamenhof published Unua Libro, the first publication to describe Esperanto, a constructed international language.</p><p>First published in Russian on July 26 [O.S. July 14] 1887, the publication of Unua Libro marks the formal beginning of the Esperanto movement.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unua_Libro" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unua_Libro"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unua_Lib</span><span class="invisible">ro</span></a></p><p>Books in Esperanto at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/bookshelf/34" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/bookshelf/34"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/books</span><span class="invisible">helf/34</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>
<p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1928.</p><p>The novel The Well of Loneliness by Radclyffe Hall</p><p>Publication, originally scheduled for late 1928, was brought forward when he discovered that another novel with a lesbian theme, Compton Mackenzie's Extraordinary Women, was to be published in September. The Well appeared on 27 July, in a black cover with a plain jacket. </p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Well_of_Loneliness" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Well_of_Loneliness"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Well</span><span class="invisible">_of_Loneliness</span></a></p><p>The Well of Loneliness at PG:<br><a href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/73042" rel="nofollow"><span class="invisible">https://</span>gutenberg.org/ebooks/73042</a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>
<p>French writer and historian Hilaire Belloc was born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1870.</p><p>His notable works include "The Path to Rome" (1902), a travel book about his journey on foot from central France to Rome, and his biographies of historical figures like Oliver Cromwell and Joan of Arc. He is also remembered for his humorous verse, especially his collection of children’s poetry, "Cautionary Tales for Children" (1907), which includes famous poems such as "Matilda" and "Jim".</p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>
<p>French botanist and explorer Jeanne Barret was born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1740.</p><p>She is best known for being the first woman to circumnavigate the globe with Bougainville's expedition on the Boudeuse and Étoile from 1766 to 1769. Disguised as a man, under the name Jean Barret, she enlisted as a valet and assistant to the expedition's naturalist, Philibert Commerson, shortly before the expedition's ships weighed anchor. According to Bougainville, she was an expert in botany.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Baret" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_Baret"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne_B</span><span class="invisible">aret</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/botany/" rel="tag">#botany</a></p>
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<p>Italian poet, writer, literary critic and teacher Giosuè Carducci was born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1835.</p><p>His poetry collections, such as "Rime nuove" and "Odi barbare", are notable for their classical forms and themes, often drawing inspiration from ancient Roman and Greek literature. In addition to his literary work, Carducci was a respected academic. He taught Italian literature at the University of Bologna for many years.</p><p>Books by Giosuè Carducci at PG:<br><a href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/43982" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/43982"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/autho</span><span class="invisible">r/43982</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a></p>
<p>"The time is out of joint: O cursed spite,<br>That ever I was born to set it right!"<br>Hamlet, Act I, scene v.</p><p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1759.</p><p>The earliest known professional performance of Shakespeare's Hamlet in North America (in Garrick's version) is given by the American Company in Philadelphia, with Lewis Hallam Jr. as Hamlet.</p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet" rel="nofollow"><span class="invisible">https://</span>en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamlet</a></p><p>Hamlet at PG:<br><a href="https://gutenberg.org/ebooks/1524" rel="nofollow"><span class="invisible">https://</span>gutenberg.org/ebooks/1524</a></p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/theatre/" rel="tag">#theatre</a></p>
<p>American writer Herman Melville was born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1819.</p><p>Melville's first two books, "Typee" (1846) and "Omoo" (1847), were based on his adventures in the South Seas and were quite popular. These semi-autobiographical novels painted a romanticized view of life among the Pacific Islanders. Published in 1851, "Moby-Dick" is considered Melville's masterpiece. Initially, the book was not well-received, and its complex structure and themes puzzled readers and critics alike.</p><p><a href="/tags/books/" rel="tag">#books</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a><br>1/3</p>
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<p>Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel was born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1802.</p><p>His most famous single result is the first complete proof demonstrating the impossibility of solving the general quintic equation in radicals. This question was one of the outstanding open problems of his day, and had been unresolved for over 250 years. He was also an innovator in the field of elliptic functions and the discoverer of Abelian functions. </p><p><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Henrik_Abel" rel="nofollow" class="ellipsis" title="en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_Henrik_Abel"><span class="invisible">https://</span><span class="ellipsis">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niels_He</span><span class="invisible">nrik_Abel</span></a></p><p><a href="/tags/science/" rel="tag">#science</a> <a href="/tags/mathematics/" rel="tag">#mathematics</a></p>
<p>Wilhelm Röntgen discovered X-rays <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1895 when he noticed that emanations from a Crookes tube caused a platino-barium screen to fluoresce. The rays exposed photographic plates but were blocked by bone and metal.</p><p>This early plate shows his wife's hand.</p><p>Image: Wellcome Trust</p>
<p>The bell that tolls my syllables can tell<br>An underwater tale, clang how there fell<br>Suddenly out of a surface shouting world<br>Into dumb calm doomed children…</p><p>—“S.S. City of Benares”, by George Sutherland Fraser (1915–1980) – born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a>, 8 Nov. </p><p>On 18 September, 1940, at one minute past midnight, the SS CITY OF BENARES was torpedoed in the Atlantic. Of 134 passengers, 90 were child refugees bound for Canada. Only 13 children survived.</p><p><a href="/tags/scottish/" rel="tag">#Scottish</a> <a href="/tags/literature/" rel="tag">#literature</a> <a href="/tags/poem/" rel="tag">#poem</a> <a href="/tags/poetry/" rel="tag">#poetry</a> <a href="/tags/warpoetry/" rel="tag">#WarPoetry</a> <a href="/tags/ww2/" rel="tag">#WW2</a> <a href="/tags/refugees/" rel="tag">#refugees</a></p>
<p>Lynda Carter as WONDER WOMAN punched her first Nazi on this date in 1975.</p><p>50 years later, she's still a hero to us all. 🇺🇸 </p><p><a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> <a href="/tags/wonderwoman/" rel="tag">#WonderWoman</a> <a href="/tags/classictv/" rel="tag">#ClassicTV</a> <a href="/tags/1970stv/" rel="tag">#1970sTV</a></p>
<p>Astronomer Helen Sawyer Hogg was born <a href="/tags/otd/" rel="tag">#OTD</a> in 1905. She was an authority on variable stars and globular clusters, and a pioneer of communicating science to the public.</p><p>Image: University of Toronto, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics</p>